Why this works
Plans in the form "when situation X arises, I will do Y" link a cue to an action and help people act on what they meant to do, especially for goals that are hard to start (Gollwitzer, 1999).
A review of 94 tests found a medium-to-large benefit over having the goal alone (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006). A 2024 update with many more studies found the benefit is smaller once publication bias is allowed for, so treat it as a real help, not a guarantee.
- Source: Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54(7), 493-503. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493
- Source: Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 69-119. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38002-1
Worked example
| Goal | Plan |
|---|---|
| Practise more Networks questions | When it is Monday at 07:00, I will solve 10 Networks PYQs at my desk. |
| Revise every day | When I get back from college, I will revise one formula sheet in the library. |
| Stop losing the evening | When I finish dinner, I will start a 25-minute timer at my desk. |
Related tools
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