Basic electrical and electronics for first-year engineering: Kirchhoff's laws, Thevenin and Norton equivalents, the PN junction diode, transistor biasing, and op-amp amplifier circuits.
5 reference pages
Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws with a sign-convention table, a worked two-loop circuit, the balanced Wheatstone bridge, and common mistakes.
How a PN junction works in forward and reverse bias, the diode equation and the 60 mV per decade rule, a diode in a simple circuit, rectifiers, and common mistakes.
Thevenin's and Norton's theorems step by step, a worked reduction with a short-circuit cross-check, solving for a load, maximum power transfer, and common mistakes.
BJT regions of operation, fixed bias with a worked example, why a change in beta moves the Q-point, voltage-divider bias, and common mistakes.
Ideal op-amp rules, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers compared, the voltage follower, a summing amplifier, and common mistakes, with worked examples.